Grammar: The Genitive Case

SINGULAR

Feminine:
-a → -os (Amerika → Amerikos, Anglija → Anglijos)
-ė → -ės (studentė → studentės)

Masculine:-as → -o (Londonas → Londono)
-is → -io (Briuselis → Bruselio)
-ys → -io (Pasvalys → Pasvalio)
-us → -aus (Vilnius → Vilniaus)

-uo type nouns
vanduo  → vandens
šuo → šuns

duktė also acts this way:

duktė → dukters

PLURAL

The genitive plural always ends in ų
(Druskininkai → Druskininkų)

This place name is like "Athens", and is always in the plural.



USES

NUMBERS:

• The genitive is always used with all numbers between 10 and 20 and all numbers in the 10s and the 100s (e.g. 10, 20, 30, 100, 200, 300 ..) 

E.g. 10 mašinų, 13 namų, 19 studentų, 30 namų, 40 stalų.

VERBS IN THE NEGATIVE:

Many verbs are used with the accusative in the positive, like:
turėti, mylėti, mėgti, ruošti, rašyti, skaityti, žinoti, pasitikti, palydėti, duoti

When they are negated (by adding ne- to the beginning), they are used in the genitive.

E.g. turiu namą → neturiu  namo
skaito kyngą → neskaito knygos
myli brolį → nemyli brolio
mėgstu kavą → nemėgstu kavos

SPACIAL RELATIONSHIPS:

• iš + genitive = from, out of
• iki + genitive = until, as far as
• prie + genitive = by, near
• šalia + genitive = by, near 
• vidury + genitive = in the middle of
• virš + genitive = above
• už + genitive = behind, beyond
• tarp + genitive = between
• ant + gen = on

VERBS:

• klausti + genitive = to ask for something
• laukti/palaukti + genitive = to wait for 
• išlipti iš + genitive = to get out of 
• mokyti (+  accusative of whom taught + genitive of what taught)
• gydyti (+ accusative of whom cured + genitive of what cured from)
• versti iš + genitive = to translate from (į + accusative = into)
• traukti + genitive (to be lacking something + dative of who is lacking)